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Cla s se u s L ib ra ry . C oinm oii H o sp ita l. N a v a l A c a d e m y . L y in g .in Hospital,anJ Cka rid v. house iorlnlauis R om an C atkolic Chapel Royal College ol Surgeons. M ilita ry A cadem y. Ruins of tlie Marhle Gkurek. Princ e F e rd in a n d s P a l a c e . H o te l Plvoenix.. d O re s u n d . Stadd Lauenburg. _____ L o v e n . _____ d A n g le te r re . d u N o rd . R o y a l. S can d in av ian Hot e l. G arrison. C kurcli. S -N ic h o la s lo n er. Flolm or Islan d Ckurck T rinity Ch u rc h . G erm an a „<1 T ren ch R e fo rm e d C h u rch . Church of the Holy Ghost R o se n b o rg P a la c e . R oyal China F actory. A ca dem y of A r t s . M ilita r y H igh School. T h e a tre R o y al. T he M in t. R o y a l C h art Archives F re e m a so n s' L o d g e • 0 rp h a n 1 " I syiicm . R eg'ents C o lleg e S y n a g o ¿ i r e . T he U n iv e rs ity . .B o rch s C o lle g e . Mcilkendorffs College P o ly tech n ic S c h o o l Metr op o lita n S ch o ol R o y a l P o st O ffice E h le rs e n s College Public Pawnbr oking E sta b lish m e n t . Roya l Mu se u n i o f N a tu r a l H is to r y . Offices of the M inisters E x e rc is e .h o u se . Ro s enh o r g M in e ra l M a t er E stahlishm end

A.C1a s s ens B il>l io r hek B .A Lu lindel i g H os pidal C .Socadet A cad em i. D .F odsels. »g P le ie . S fif te ls e . E .C adlioIsk C a p e l. F.Chi r u r g iskAca den n G.Lamdca det Ae adem i. HRuin a f M arm or Kirken.. I.Prinds Ferdinands P a la is . K.IIotel P h on ix . J j _______ d O r e s u m d . M._____ Stadt Lauenburg. Jfpi_____L o v en . 0_____ d’A n g le te rre . P _____ du N ord . Q_____ R o y a l. R.Skandina vi sk Hodel. S.Garnisons Kirke. T.S4N ic o la i T ia r a . U.Holinens K irke. V . T rin itatis Kirke . A T ydsk og- F ran sk Reform eerd Kirke. Y JR élliggeist K irke. Z R o senk o r g S l o t . 0.KgLPorcelains Fabrik. a.Kun.si A c a d e m i. b.Milifcaire Hoiskole. C.Ka'l:T lie a t e r . dJVtynf éi? • e .Kg-1: S oko l d A rcliiv. f-Fr iniLtr e r A »irr- —. 1 .B o rc h s Collegium . lnAVhlkeildorffs Collegium n.Polytechnisk S kole, o.M etropolitan Skole. t£.Kg'l: Po s t G aarA . p .E hlers's Colle g ium . r .A s s is te n c e H u n s S.Kougl. nadurkist orisk Mns e uni. f .M in is te rie rn e . u .E xer c e e r 11inis . V.Rosenhorg Sundheds, b ron d A n s ta l t . g A a ise n lm u s. k. R e g en t s e n . 1 .S y n ag 'o g e . k. U n iv ersid e t e t .

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THE

* TRAVELLERS’ HAND-BOOK y> TO

COPENHAGEN \ AND DTi [EWW3!F5®W§.

BY

^ngl tranua.

WITH MAPS AND VIEWS.

COPENHAGEN. CHR. STEEN AND SON.

36 SOHO SQ.

J. RUSSELL SMITH.

LONDON .

M D CCCLIII.

PR INTE D BY LOl’IS KLEIN ,

Several English Travellers having, at various times, expressed to me the want of a Hand-Book for (more immediately) Copenhagen and its Environs, I, acting on their suggestion — indeed, I may say, acceding to their request — have given my leisure time to the compilation of such a work — hence the present Guide. The Publishers, Messrs. Steen and Son, have, with their usual liberality, spared no expense in the getting up of the book, the Maps of which especially, engraved expressly for it, evince how much con am o ve they have entered into the un­ dertaking. To those Friends and Gentlemen, who so kindly lent me their assistance and so readily provided me with information in their respective departments, I here beg to tender my warmest thanks: nor must I fail in my acknowledgments to a Guide, in Danish, published last year.

Should this B ook aid the English T rav eller in his searches a fte r the interesting objects in this celebrated C ap ital; in his visits to the v ario u s spots o f b eau ty and attraction in its pleasin g E n v iro n s — in short, should it satisfy him as his Vade Mecum in this p a rt of S ealan d , the object o f the A u th o r will h av e been a tta in e d , and his leisure h o u rs profitably em ployed.

CONTENTS.

P a g e. CO PENH AG EN ...................................................................................... 1. British Legation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14. Consul and V ice-C o n su ls.......................................

Id.

STREETS, SQUARES, & c ....................................................................16.

PUBLIC BUILDINGS: Churches , ........................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19. Fruekirke .................. . 19. St. Petrikirke .................................................... . . . 21. Trinitatiskirke (Round Tower) 22. British C hapel.................. 26. Inscription on Monument in Naval Burial Ground . , 28. &c Palaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .....................................29. Christiansborg .......................................... Rosenborg ....................................................... Charl ottenborg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33. &c.

29.

Page.

GOVERNMENT AND MUNICIPAL BUILDINGS . . . . 35. Town Hall 36. Exchange , ...................... . 36. Bank ............................................................................................ 37. Custom House , 41. Post Office . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42. &c.

LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS : University . . . . . . .

, 44. . 48. , 50.

Public Libraries Reading Rooms

Clubs

............................................................................... 52.

MILITARY AND NAVAL E STA BL ISHM EN T S................ 54. L ist of the Danish Navy , ...................... 58. Inscription on Monument onNyholm. . . . . . . . 59. M ilitary High S c h o o l....................... 61. Naval A c a d e m y ....................... 62. &c. SOCIETIES FOR SCIENTIFIC ANDUSEFUL PURPOSES 65. Schools, &c. .......................... 70. Hospitals , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 73. Charitable Institutions, ....... ................... 77. ACADEMY OF ARTS, &c.............................................................. 81. Museum and Public G alleries . 84. COMMERCE AND T R A D E ......................................................... 94. Booksellers .............................. 100.

THEATRES AND PUBLIC PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. 104.

Page.

HOTELS, CAFÈS , &c........................................................................111. Oyster and Refreshment Rooms ........................113. PROMENADES........................... 114. DILIGENCES................................................................................... 119. Omnibuses . ................... 119. Droschker — Cabs . 120. Porterage , 121. Weights and Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122. Money. . ........................... . . . . . . 123. Passports . . . . . . . . . . . , 124. Foreign Consulates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126. S T E A M E R S ..............................................................................................127. Railway , 135. Electric Telegraph . , 136.

A LIST OF PUBLIC COLLECTIONS (to be viewed gratis) 138.

ENVIRONS . .........................

143.

Frederiksberg Palace Roeskilde Cathedral

, 146.

........................

148. 154.

Jægerspriis

Frederiksværk Frederiksborg

................. . . . . . . . . . 156.

157. Fredensborg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164. Elsinore ...........................................................165. Sound-Dues 170. Charlottenlund 171. Inscription on a Stone , , , , 172. K lampenborg........................ 172. &c. &c. Island of Amager ................................................175.

Page. DEACHSHOLM................................................................................176.

SONG OF THE WATCHMAN.........................................................185.

ADDENDA:

Free Masons’ L o d g e ..............................

189.

&c.

KIÓBENHAVN. - COPENHAGEN.

JLn the m ost ancient chronicles and docum ents the p resent city o f Kiobenhavn is styled only by its last syllable flcivn (the h av en ). B u t as trad e in creased , and m erchan t vessels frequented th at harb o u r, the place w as called Kiobmcendhavn (the haven of m erc h an ts); w h ic h , by e llip sis, h as been converted into Kiobenhavn , its p resen t nam e. B y other nations, as the E nglish and G erm an, it is called Copenhagen, a n d , by the French, Copenhague. T he natives o f Iceland still call it Kaupmannahofn. Its L atin nam e has a lw ay s been Hafnia. In p oetry we m eet w ith it as Axel-stad (the city o f Axel). In the y e ar 116 4, K ing W ald em a r the F irst m ade a g ra n t o f this tow n with the adjoining lan d s

2 to the celebrated Axel Hvide, (Absolon, Bishop of Roeskilde, afterwards Archbishop of Lund), who, in 1168, on the spot which Christiansborg Palace now occupies, erected a castle, for the purpose of keeping the pirates in awe, which after him was called Axel-huus. This Prelate afterwards bestowed the castle and town, with the lands of Amager or Amak, on the See of Roeskilde. Municipal laws were first granted to it by Bishop Erlandsen in 1254; and royal privileges in 1284 by King Eric Glipping. The town having now become more important than any other as a place of royal residence, attempts were made by several kings to recover it from the See of Roeskilde. For nearly two centuries, howeverr these attempts were vain. It was not till the reign of Christopher of Bavaria, who, in the year 1443r selecting Copenhagen as his residence, that anything like an arrangement was entered into; although, whatever the exchange might have been, it was denied by the Bishops, at the election of Christian the First, the successor of Christopher, that any had been made. The first King of the Oldenburg- line , Christian I., seems, however, to have suc­ ceeded in that object, the Bishop and Chapter of Roeskilde having received a remuneration no doubt sufficiently ample. But, even after this, protests were at various times made by the Bishops against the right and title of the Kings to this city, till the-

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R eform ation cam e an d a t once p u t an end to all disputes. As a tow n, then, Copenhagen dates only from the 13th c en tu ry , and as a city since 1443 only, w hen C h risto p h er o f B av aria selected it as the ro y a l residence, and it h as continued to be the cap ital for now 4 0 0 years. C openhagen, the m etropolis o f the K ingdom o f D e nm a rk , and the seat o f a B ishoprick, is situate p a rtly on th e E astern coast of the island o f Sealand, at the Southern extrem ity of a n arrow channel connecting th e C atteg at w ith the B altic, called the S o u n d , w hich is here a b o u t 2 0 m iles b r o a d , and p a rtly on the N orthern coast o f the sm all island of A m ag er or A m ak : b u t th is latter p a rt b ears the nam e of Christianshavn. It lies 5 0 0 m iles N. E. of L o ndo n in 5 5 ° 4 2 ' N. la t, and 12° 3 4 ' E. lo n g ; is abou t 5m iles in circum ference, I T/s in le n g th , and IV 4 in breadth . T h e town, from the S. W . to the S. E. is inclosed by ram p arts and m oats, and defended by 2 4 b a stio n s, besides out­ w o rk s, and tow ards the sea by the strong citadel o f Frederikshavn. T h e pow erful batteries Tre- kroner (T hree C rowns — the union of D enm ark, N o rw ay , and Sw eden), and Sextus comm and the entrance to the h a rb o u r. It m ay here be observed th a t the Trekroner battery, w hich dealt such havoc am ong L ord N elson's fleet a t the battle o f Co- l '

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penhagen, A pril 2d., 1801 , and w hich w as never silenced, w as a t th a t tim e , altho ugh comm enced in 1784, in an unfinished sta te : its bulw arks w ere then m uch low er and of w o o d , n o r did it m ount so m any guns as now. T h e p o p u latio n , according to the last census (1850) is 129,6 95, o f w hich 6 0 ,5 9 2 are m ales, and 6 9 ,1 0 3 are fem ales: the Jew s num b er 2 5 0 0 . In consequence o f its in crease, and the lim its o f the tow n being confined by the ra m p a rts , the w ant o f building space is becom ing a serious e v il : the alread y lofty houses are consequently raised by an additional sto ry or tw o , and buildings erected in the y a rd s a t the b a c k , to m eet the dem and for dwellings. T h e port, form ed by a channel or arm of the sea, is one o f the m ost capacious and comm odious in the w o rld , capable o f containing abo ut 5 0 0 m erch ant-sh ips, besides the N a v y ; and, b y the aid of can als, vessels can pass alm o st into the centre of the tow n, to the g reat advantage o f comm erce. T he finest aspect of C openhagen is, doubtless, from the se a , and altogether it m ust be pronounced a very handsom e city. T h e clim ate is dam p, variable, and u n h e a lth y : still the unhealthiness of Copenhagen is certainly in a great degree ow ing to an entire absence o f all sanatory im prov em ents, the w ant of w hich is now

5

beginning to be felt, and th eir adoption appreciated, b y th e in h a b ita n ts: the w a te r, from w ant o f any filtering p rocess for rem oving its im purities, is o f a pernicious q u ality ; the sew erage m o st defectiv e; the m o rtality v ery g reat — indeed it has been said to be g re ater th an in an y tow n o f E u ro p e, V ienna excepted. T h e official retu rn s shew th a t in the five m onths ending Ja n u a ry 2 9 th . the b irths w ere 1890, and the deaths 2 1 4 4 , (being an excess of 2 5 4 deaths over b irth s), o f w hich Consum ption claimed 21 1 , H ooping Cough 2 2 4 , Inflam m atory fever 2 69, S pasm s 2 3 5 . B ut th is , it m ust be confessed, w as a m ore th an usually u n h ealth y season. N otw ith­ standing, how ever, all these incentives to disease, and invitations, as it were, for the C holera to take up its abode here, it is a rem ark able fact th at this dreadfu l scourge has never y et visited C openhagen. T his h a s been endeavoured to be accounted for by som e to the absence of rivers and the presence of constant gales. So frequent are strong w inds here th a t a w itty Am erican once rem arked. "T h ere w as w ind enough in D enm ark for a country ten tim es its size.” T h e s e , h o w e v e r, cannot solely account for the non -visitation o f the cholera — we m ust acknow ledge the h and of P ro v id e n c e , and be thankful. B u t there is every hope th a t " a good tim e is com in g ,” and th at a v a st im provem ent will ere

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long be effected. W h en the town shall b e , as, a fter deferring from y e a r to y ear, it is now finally decided it shall b e , supplied w ith pure w a ter and w ith pro p er se w e ra g e ; w hen its streets shall be lighted w ith gas, and its foot-w ays flag g e d ; w hen those abom inable n u isa n c e s, th e open d u st-carts, w hich prow l ab o u t th e tow n from m orning until night, shall be a b o lish e d ; w hen th e ram p a rts shall be levelled and a freer ventilation adm itted — then will Copenhagen be not only a m ore h e a lth y , b u t a m ore beau tiful c ity , able to vie in every respect w ith the other capitals of E urope. B u t, as the p avem ent is y e t m ost te rrib le , it m ay be well for strangers to bear in m ind a regulation for p ed estrian s: T h e fo o t-w ay is edged w ith a k e rb -sto n e, w hich, with the road on the riyht hand , the pedestrian is entitled to keep against all com ers, unless g allan try p rom pts him to give w ay to la d ie s, w hen the adage is rev ersed and "th e strongest goes to th e w all.” So tenacious are th e people o f this "rig h t,” th a t n either m an in buckram nor m an in livery w ill yield it to the finest g entlem an; th e p easan t w ill tu rn off the p rin c e , and the fish-fag the princess. With the road to the le ft , the rule is of course the c o n tra ry : you m ust then su rren d er the kerb to every one you m eet, gentle or sim ple: an attem p t to m aintain it ag ainst an im pertinent ap p ren tice

7

m ay lead to an un pleasan t re su lt, for he h a s the co u n try ’s law on his side. Sw ept crossings a re n o t un dersto o d ; so th a t in w et w eath er the w alking is doubly bad. A m an w ith a b room m ig h t m ake a fortune betw een the corner o f Ø sterg ade an d th e statue in K ongens N ytorv. Often h av e I suggested th is m ode of earning m oney to a p oor m an ask in g a lm s ; bu t the idea h as startled th e m : none w ill be th e first in such a novel undertaking. T here are two d ay s in the y ear, one in A pril, the other in O ctober, on w hich, " o r day before o r d ay after,” should a stran g er a rriv e in C openhagen he w ould be not a littleastonished.T h e tow n h a s th e ap pearance o f its inh ab itan ts flying w ith th e ir effects, as though an enem y w ere a t the gates. It is "F ly tted a g !” the h a lf y e arly m oving day, w hen e v ery fam ily in ev ery hou se m ay deposit in th e streets all the accum ulated dirt and filth o f the last six m o n th s , o f w hich th e p o o r contribute th eir q u o ta in the old straw stuffing ofth eir m attrasses w ith all th eir live s to c k ! Should it blow a gale o f w ind on th a t d a y , im agination can conceive th e scene w hich description w ould fail to paint. P eo p le a re h u rry in g to and fro — fu rn itu re driven an d carried in all directions — the g re atest confusion prevailing — one fam ily m oving th e ir effects into a set o f room s w hile the other .fam ily is m oving theirs o u t; fo r, a t 12 o’clo ck , the old occupants

8

m ust quit, and the new ones m ay take possession:. All is h u rry scurry. 0 the m iseries of a " F ly tte d a g 1” w hich none b u t those w ho have experienced can realize. Y et it would seem a pastim e o f the people, for the w hole tow n ap p ears changing q u arters on th ese days — a valid objection, one w ould suppose, to lodging on flats. B u t th ere is a d ay m ore rem arkable, p erhaps, th an the "F ly tted a g .” T he fou rth F rid a y afte r E aster is " Store Bededag ” or G reat P ra y e r D ay, a day m ore respected (though th at is not saying m uch) than S u n d a y ; for, in addition to oth er observances, an ex tra Service is held in all the churches. On the E v e o f this day the C hurch-bells toll from 6 to 7 o’clock, an d the w hole tow n tu rn out to prom enade the ram p a rts during th at hour. B ut, mirabile dictu ! the people them selves do not know for a certainty w h y they so strictly observe th is day. Som e supp ose it w as appointed as a day o f general thank sgivin g because th a t ab o u t th is tim e one o f th e g re a t fires, w hich have so often devastated the city, c e a se d : O thers, because the ravages of a plague, w ere sta y e d : w hile n o t a few a sse rt th at one of th eir k in g s, (p erh ap s C hristian IV .), being in great p eril d urin g a terrible s to rm , vow ed to dedicate something to God if he reached land again. T he ship w eath ered thp gale, and the M onarch returned in safety to his faithful subjects; so the day w as

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appointed to be observed as one of thanksgiving, an d called Store Bededag. B ut, h ow ev er involved in o bscurity m ay be th e origin of this day to th e people generally, th ere is little d ou b t b u t that, from its being regulated by the falling o f E aster, it is a m oveable F ast, a day set a p a rt for general R epen tance and P r a y e r, an d first ap pointed in the reign of F re d e rik IV ., a fte r the custom a t th a t tim e p rev alen t in G erm any. H ere and there in the neighbourhood o f the ram p a rts m ay be seen a cannon ball em bedded in the side o f a house or w a ll: — they are rem iniscences o f 1807. A fter the unfo rtu n ate bom bardm ent in th a t y ear, balls w ere taken by som e from, the ruins and inserted as above sta te d , w ith the inscription " Venskabs Minde ” (F riendship’s Memorial) upon them . T h e balls still rem ain, bu t tim e has effaced the inscription, as w e hope it h as all the ill-feelings o f the people w hich n atu rally resulted from th a t "u n tow a rd event.” T h e D a n e s , it m ust be ack n ow led g ed , are unquestionably a k ind -h earted , h ap p y , and contented people. T he higher classes are courteous and h o sp ita b le : the lo w e r, in d o le n t, bu t w ithal quiet and orderly. D iffering from our ideas o f correctness (though I offer no opinion on the subject) the ladies here sit constantly a t the w indow , outside o f which is u su ally fastened a reflectin g -g lass, so comm on

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on the co n tin en t, in w hich m ay be seen w h at is p assin g in ev ery p a rt of the stre et; and as k nitting, w o rk w hich req u ires no a tte n tio n , is the c h ie f occupation of D an ish la d ie s, th ey are enabled to am u se them selves a t th e sam e tim e b y w atch in g the m ovem ents of carriag es and p ed estrian s. It is considered a w a n t of politen ess if friends do n o t look up to the houses in w hich th eir acquaintances reside in order to salute them as th ey p a s s , and even officers in comm and o f tro o p s w ill h av e th eir eyes and head tu rn ed co n stantly from h ouse to h o u s e , unm indful of th eir m e n , bow ing rig h t and le f t, th eir sw ord follow ing suit — w h ic h , to say the least, h as a v e ry u nm ilitary effect. T h e custom here m entioned is n o t, h o w e v e r, confined to the ladies o f D enm ark, it is comm on to all o f T eutonic race on the continent. A n im m oderate love o f finery prev ails am ong th e w om en o f the m iddle a n d low er cla sses, re d being the dom inant c o lo u r; still the dresses o f the p e a sa n t and A m ager w om en are rem ark ab ly p ic tu re s q u e ; the cauls or crow ns o f th eir little caps extrem ely h a n d so m e , the price of w hich varies from 3 m ark s to 10 dollars each, b u t they are occasionally ord ered a t h ig h er prices, even to 5 0 dollars. T h e h o rses o f th e country, except tho se o f Ju tla n d , a re sm a ll, b u t a c tiv e ; th e hack carriag es an d cabs in g eneral g o o d ; th e carts o r w agg ons

11

con stru cted on th e principle o f p rod ucin g the g re atest am o u n t o f noise as they rattle th ro u g h th e streets. S om e o f the leading trad esm en hav e m uch im proved th eir sh o p -fro n tag e w ithin the la st few y e a rs ; b u t still on the w hole the shops w ear a m ean appearance : p ainted signs are exhibited on m any, indicating the trad e carried on w ithin. A c­ c o rd in g to the statistics o f the tow n th ere a re : 12 A p o th ecaries; 98 B a k e rs; 5 0 B o o k se lle rs; 28 B re w e rs; 120 B u tc h e rs; 5 5 C onfectioners; 114 D istille rs; 125 G o ld sm ith s; 3 2 3 G ro c e rs; 9 1 9 S h o em ak e rs; 619 T a ilo rs; 7 4 W a tc h m a k e rs, etc. As y et A pothecaries and B ak ers are a privileged c la ss; only a certain n um b er o f each trad e being allow ed in town an d c o u n try : b u t, d o u b tless, the days o f m onopoly are n um bered. A pothecaries are n o t allow ed to sell poisonous d ru g s , w hich are k e p t b y the p rincipal u n d er lock and key, (nor m ay th ey be dispensed w ith o u t his know ledge and d irectio n), except on th e produ ctio n o f an order signed by a m edical m an. In 1 8 5 2 the n um b er of p ersons a rre ste d by the police am ounted to 3 0 1 1 ; am ong w hich w ere 561 m ales, and 112 fem ales, for drunkenness. In the y ear 1 8 48 the form o f g o v ernm en t w as changed from a D espotic to a C onstitutional M onarchy ; and all p ro p e rty before invested in the

12

S overeign becam e then, w ith a few exceptions, th e p ro p e rty o f the S tate. T h e R iysday , or D iet o f the K ingdom , is com posed o f two C h am b e rs, the Landsthiny , or U pper H o u s e , h a lf the m em bers o f w hich retire ev ery four y e a r s , an d th e Folke­ th iny , or L ow er H o u s e , w hich is triennial. T h e n um ber o f m em bers in the Landsthiny is 51, and in the Folkethiny 1 0 0 ; an d each m em ber of b o th C ham bers receives 3 R bd. p e r diem , d u rin g the sitting o f the D ie t, an d reason ab le trav elling expenses. E v ery h o u se -k ee p e r above 3 0 y ears o f age h a s a vote in the election o f m em bers (the only qualification required is th a t o f being 2 5 y ears o f age) for the Folkethiny : and the sam e suffrage chooses ele cto rs, (1 by 1 4 9 , and 1 by every 100 a fte r, for each district), for electing m em bers (whose qualification m ust be an an n u al incom e o f 1 2 0 0 R b d ., or a n n u al paym ent o f 2 0 0 R bd. in ta x e s , and an age o f 4 0 years) for th e Landsthiny . T h e elections are lim ited to one and the sam e day th ro u g h o u t the kingdom . T h e re tu rn s for the last election in M arch shew th a t out of 9 8 m em bers chosen for th e Folkethiny th ere w e re : 2 C o u nts; 7 P ro fe sso rs; 14 Civil Em p lo y es; 10 C lergym en; 5 School U sh ers; 2 O fficers; 3 T ra d e s­ m en ; 2 E d ito rs ; 37 P e a s a n ts , or sm all landed p ro p rieto rs ; 11 C ountry School T e a c h e rs; 4 U ni­ versity G rad u ates, w ithou t occu pation ; 1 O perative.

13 The Religion o f the Country is Lutheran; but Education is compulsory. Poor parents pay a nominal sum w eekly for the education of their children at the Government schools; so that almost all the lower class can read and w rite, more or less. Confirmation, too, is compulsory. Until that rite has been received, the youth o f both sexes are, as it w ere, in statu pup illa ri; bu t, once received, they jump from children to be men and women. Certificates o f Baptism , Confirmation, and Vaccination, are a sine qua non to the entering on service, apprenticeship, matrimony, etc. The O ld-Danish is now nearly a dead language in its own Country, as is O ld-English among ourselves. But the Old-Northern character o f the Danish is still abundantly evid en t, and the best and most expressive, the most national and tuneful, o f all its words are O ld-Northern. Notwithstanding, how ever, the difference o f the elements by which the two languages have been modified, — the one by the Norman, the other by the German, — the English and Danish m ay still be considered sister- members o f the Gothic group. The Danish language, then, is by no means difficult of acquirement by an Englishman, still less so by a Scotchman, or an inhabitant o f the Northern part of England. all Creeds and Sects are now tolerated.

14

T h e n um b er o f B ritish residents in C openhagen,

including fam ilies, is a t p re sen t a b o u t 100.

BRITISH LEGATION.

A ndrew B uchanan, E sq r., E n voy E x tra o rd in a ry

& M inister P len ipoten tiary.

F red erick D ov eton O rm e, E s q r ., S ecretary o f

L egation.

V iscount P evensey, A ttachd. R o b ert Stevenson Ellis. M. A. C haplain.

P a tric k F e rrall, E s q r ., V ic e-C o n su l, N r. 4 1 ,

A. 1, S tore K ongensgade.

C onsul (for D e n m a rk , resid ent a t E lsinore)

B ridges T ay lo r, E sqr.

V ice-C onsul, W . R. L arlh am , E sqr.

"A

15

UNPAID VICE-CONSULS.

Odense (Fyen), M r. E. B. M uus. N asko v (L aaland), \ N y kjø bin g (F alster), > M r. A. H age. S te g e (Møen), j R ønn e (B ornholm ), M r. J . M ichelsen. T h isted

en.

F red e rik sh av n H jertin g R an d ers

S T R E E T S , SQUARES, Ac,

T h e T ow n, w hich w as form erly divided into th ree p rin cip al districts — the Old T o w n , or W este rn q u a rte r; the New T o w n , or N o rth -ea ste rn q u arter, added in C hristian IV .’s tim e ; an d C h ristian sh av n — is now separated into 12 q u arters or 9 p arishes. It contains 2 5 8 Streets, 17 S q uares or P la c e s , and 3 5 0 0 h o u se s, excepting the N avy q u arter and the B arracks. T h e 4 E ntrances to the town by lan d are by the E ast, N orth, W est, and A m ager G ates, w hich rem ain open th ro u g h o u t the n ig h t; bu t a fte r 12 o’clock th ere is a charge for each person o f 2" Skillings. Starting from the N. E. part of the town: the principal Streets are Bredgade (Broad St.) or Norgesgade 3 extending from the Toldbodvei to Kongens N ytorv; Amaliegade, (parallel with Bredgade) divided by the Amalienborg P lads; Østergade (East St.) which leads from Kongens Nytorv to Am agertorv; whence Vimmelskaftet stretches to Gammeltorv, Frederiksberggade, and the Vesterport. In the N. W . part o f the town

17

Goth.ersga.de (Gothic St.) conducts from the N ø r­ revold to K ongens N y to rv , w h ere it jo in s Store Kongensgade (G reat K ing St.) w hich leads to the Ø ste rp o rt. Store Kiøbmagergade (G reat T rad in g St.) leads by w ay o f Lille Kiobmagergade across K u lto rv e t, and Frederiksborggade to the N ø r­ rep ort. T h e ch ief public S q u ares and P laces a re : 1) Amalienborg Plads or Frederiks P la d s , a han d som e octagon form ed b y four palaces o f u n ifo rm size and design. In its centre is the eq u estrian statue o f F re d e rik V. 2) St. Annce Plads or Garnisons P lads . 3) Kongens Nytorv, (T he K in g ’s New M arket) an irreg u lar sq uare and the larg e st in C openhagen. A n u nsigh tly equestrian statu e o f C hristian V ., rem ark ab le only for its siz e , stan ds in the centre. 4) Amagertorv and Høibroplads , m ark e ts for v e g etab le s, fru it, an d fish. 5) Gammeltorv and Nytorv, (Old and New M arket) w hich are in o n e , are m ark ets for field- produce, poultry, seed, and m eat. A sm all fountain play s in the m iddle. 6) Ku ltorv , w here tu rf or p e at is s o ld , in the neig hbo urho od o f N ørrepo rt. 7) Graabrødretorv (G rey F ria rs M arket) in w hich new sham bles h av e been erected. 8) Slotsplads , (Palace Place) on w hich stand C hristiansborg P alace, the C hapel R oyal, the E xchange, an d the so-called 2

18

Cancell i B uildings. 9) Hauserplads.

10) Halm

torv , hay and straw m arket.

T h e B ridges a re : Holmensbro , lead ing from H olm ens C anal to S lo tsp lad sen ; Høibro , connecting Ilø ib ro p lad s an d S lo tsp la d se n ; and Stormbro (som e­ tim es called the E nglish b rid g e ), Marmorbro , and Prindsensbro , w hich lead from the back of C h ristian sb org P alace over Slotsholm s C anal. Knipprlsbro and La.ngebro unite C openhagen and C h ristian sh av n ; and in C h ristiansh av n a re Børnr- buusbro, Snorrebro , and Wi/dersbro.

PUBLIC BUILDINGS.

CHURCHES.

Fruekirke, or C hurch o f our L ady, situate on an unfinished and neglected plot o f g rou nd in N ø rregad e, is the prin cip al ch u rch , or C athedral, o f the City. A fter being m ore th an once destroyed by fire, the last tim e a t th e bom b ardm en t o f I 8 0 7 , w h e n , on account o f th e h eig h t o f the spire, it w as a principal m ark for the E ng lish sh ells, it w as a g ain re -b u i r. and finished in 1829. It is a h eav y stru c tu re , in a ra th e r peculiar sty le , w ith a D oric portico far too sm all in pro p o rtio n to the b u ild in g : n o r does the in terior possess an y arch itectu ral beauty. B ut it is adorn ed b y the m aster-w o rk s o f T horvaldsen, an d here lies its c h ief, if n o t o n ly , attraction. In the pedim ent is a gro u p in terra cotta o f 16 figures, representin g Jo h n the B ap tist preach in g in the w ild e rn e ss; and over the entrance to the church w ithin the portico a basrelief o f C h rist’s entrance into Jeru salem . E n terin g the chu rch the eye is imm ediately struck w ith the noble and colossal

20

statu e in m arb le o f o u r Saviour, placed in a niche a t th e back o f the a lta r, b y w h ic h , how ever, the effect is co nsiderably dim inished. On the pedestal is a q u o tation from St. M at. X I. 28. In the centre o f the c h an cel, before the a lta r, is the F o n t o f p olish ed m arb le — a concha h eld b y a kneeling angel — a chaste, poetic, b eau tiful design. T h e first child b ap tized at this font w as one o f P ro fe sso r B issen's, h im self a pupil o f T h o rv aldsen w ho stood sp o n s o r; th e K in g and Q ueen h o no ring the cerem ony w ith th eir presence. T h e m agnificent m arble statues o f the tw elve A postles ado rn b o th sides o f the church. T h e larg e basrelicf in. the sem icircular recess beh in d the a lta r rep resen ts our S av iou r on his w ay to G o lg ath a; an d in the confessionals on each side o f the chancel a re tw o m ore basrelicfs descriptive o f the S a v io u r’s B ap tism and the L ast Supper. O n either side o f the entrance o f the church is a b eau tifu l b a s r e lic f the one on the rig h t re p re ­ senting C hildhood’s G uardian A n g e l, the one on the left C h ristian C harity. T h u s by T h o rv a ld se n s g ra n d p roductions the m ind receives a rev eren tial im pression w hich the b u ild in g itself fails to effect. It is said th a t the arch itect o f the church, w ho, it w ould ap p ear, looked w ith no friendly eye on the g re at sc u lp to r, had p rep ared niches in the

21

w alls in w hich to place the statues o f the tw elve apostles. Intelligence o f this a rra n g em e n t reaching T h o rv ald sen a t R om e, h e , anno yed and in d ig n an t a t w h a t he knew w ould m uch dim inish the effect w hich his statues w ould produce if stan ding free, obtained from hom e the h eig h t o f the n ic h e s , and then, w ith a shrew dness p e c u lia r.to him , m ade his statues so large th a t they could no t be placed in them . T h e arch itect w a s , th e re fo re , obliged to w all up the niches, and the sculptor obtained, w h a t w as really necessary for th eir p ro p e r effect, pedestals and free stan ding for his statues. T h e statu e o f o u r S aviour w as originally m ade for th e P alace c h a p e l, b u t, as no su itab le site there offered, an d the apostles h a v in g been o rdered fo r F ru c k irk e, it w as deem ed b etter n o t to sep arate the S aviour from them , and thus th a t statue cam e to be placed in th e sam e church. B u t it seem s th a t T ho rv ald sen could not save it from th e u n fo rtu n ate niche, w hich is acknow ledged by D an ish and all ju d g es o f a rt to be very in ju riou s to its effect. St. Petrikirkc, St. Peter’sy the church o f th e G erm an L utherans, in N orregade, n early opposite F ru e k irk e, b uilt in a quasi G othic sty le , w ith a spire 2 6 0 feet in height. In the chapel and vaults are deposited the bodies o f several E nglish. Am ong them is th a t o f Waiter Titiey , E sq r . , B ritish M inister to this C ourt fo r m any y ears , w h ere he

22

closed his c a re e r, M arch 3. 1768. A legacy w as left by him for th e founding a C haplaincy o f L egation a t C openhagen. In the sm all chapel containing the sarco phagu s a ta b le t, placed by his friend M r. Weston, b ears an inscription to his m em ory. T h e rem ains o f the talented a u th o r o f a n Icelan dic-E nglish D ictionary, Richard Clcasby , Esqr . , a re also h e re deposited — cut off in the p rim e o f life w hen he h ad n early b ro u g h t his lab o rio u s task to its conclusion. T h is valuable w ork , the fruits o f an assiduous an d enthusiastic scho lar’s la b o rs , w ill, it is h o p e d , for the sake o f N o rth ern lite ratu re and the m em ory of the deceased, th ro u g h the exertions o f those w ho have u nd ertak en its com pletion, in a sh o rt tim e be published. Trinitatiskirke, Trinity , or, as it is som etim es called, the Round Church, situate a t the top o f K io bm ag e rg ad e , w as b uilt by C hristian IV . T he A ltar an d P u lp it are richly ornam ented w ith carved oak-w ood. B u t th a t w hich m ost m erits attentio n is the R ou nd T o w e r, 115 ft. h ig h , considered to be unique in E u ro p e , constructed from a p lan o f T ycho B ra h e ’s favorite disciple C hristopher L ong o- m o ntan us. It is ascended by a b road inclined spiral p la n e , u p w hich P e te r the G reat is said to have driven w ith his C o n so rt, C atharine, in a carriag e - a n d -fo u r — a fe a t, afte r a ll, o f no very difficult

23

accom plishm ent. On the sum m it is an O bservatory, b u t it h as n o t been used for m any years. T he U n iv ersity L ib ra ry is in a room over the church, the entran ce to w hich is in this tow er, from w hose ex terio r sum m it there is a line view over tow n an d coun try . On the u p p e r p a rt o f the to w e r, above th e entrance, is the follow ing qu ain t in sc rip tio n :

(Doctrinam et justitiam dirige Jehovah in corde regis Christiaui Quarti. 1642).

24

T h e tow er is open to the public on W ed n esd ay s

and S atu rdays from 12— 1.

In the C h u rch y ard is a sim ple tom b to the A R unic m onum ent o f v ery ancient date stands n e ar the sacristy. Hclliggeisteskirke, or Church o f the Holg Ghost , is in V innnelskaftet. In th is chu rch is a p a in tin g , by Adam M u ller, o f L u th e r b efore th e D iet a t W orm s. Slotskirke 3 or Palace Church , adjoins the P alace o f C hristiansborg, and is adorned by sev eral w orks o f T h orvaldsen and B issen. Holmenskirhe, Holm or Island Church , on the H olm ens C an al, was built by C hristian IV . as a place o f w orship for the N avy. It is o rn a ­ m ented by richly carved oak-w ood. In th e chapel lie the rem ains o f D enm ark ’s tw o g reatest N aval heroes, Niels Juul and Peter Tordenskjold. T h e initials — R. P . P . — over the clock are tho se o f K ing C hristian’s m otto — Regna firmat Pietas. m em ory o f the p o e t, Jo h a n n e s Ew ald.

Garnisonskirke, Garrison Church, b u ilt in

1704, chiefly for the use o f the M ilitary.

Frelserskirke , Church o f our Saviour, b u ilt betw een 1 6 8 2 an d 1 6 9 4 , in C h ristian sh av n . O n the w alls o f th e tow er are fig u re s , la rg e r th an life , o f the four E vang elists. A bove this is a g allery from w hich an extern al sp ira l staircase ascends to the sum m it o f the S te e p le , 3 0 0 feet high. On the top is a globe 8 feet in diam eter, ab o v e w hich is the figure o f o u r S av io u r in copper, 10 feet in h e ig h t, holding in one h a n d a v an e as th e flag o f victory. T h e o rg an in this church is a fine in strum e n t, an d o rn am ented w ith a g re a t q u a n tity o f richly carved w ood. T h e a lta r is also handsom e, the low er p a rt com posed o f Italian m arble w ith a rep resen tatio n o f C hrist’s sufferings in the g a rd en o f G ethsem ane. T h e p u lp it is o f fine m a rb le ; and the font also o f p u re w hite m arble, v ery c h a s te , on w hich is a b eautifully scu lp tu red re p re ­ sentation o f the B aptism o f ou r S a v io u r by St. Jo h n . In this and two or three o th er chu rch es the g allery seats are divided into boxes, giving the ap pearance m ore o f a th eatre th an a place o f w orship. Frederikskirke , also in C h ristian sh av n , erected 1756, used by the G erm an residen ts o f th a t locality. T h e German and French Reformed, Church, a sm all, old, building, the in terio r o f w hich is v e ry neat, is situate in G othersgad e. E rected in 1668.

26

The Chapel o f the Garrison in the Citadel,

b uilt in 1704.

T h e Chapel o f Vartou Hospital in L o n -

gangstrsede.

It is in contem plation to build a church in the su b u rb s for the benefit o f the in h ab itan ts o f th e N o rre - an d 0 ste r-B ro . A ll the sittings will be f r e e ; and the church will be b uilt by v o lun tary contributions — the first so b u ilt in D enm ark . British Chapel. D ivine Service is perform ed for the p re sen t in the low er p a rt o f a building, used fo rm erly as a S y n a g o g u e , a t N r. 5 1 , S to re K o ngensgade. T h e Rev. R. S. Ellis. M. A ., C haplain o f the B ritish L egation, officiates. D . S. comm ences at 1 1 o’clock. L ong im pressed w ith the feeling o f the u tte r un suitableness o f the p resen t building as a place o f D ivine w orship, a comm ittee has at last been form ed for receiving contributions tow ards the erecting a church of our own — a building m ore suited to the w orship of G o d , and m ore w orth y o f th e E nglish nam e and nation. T h e attentio n o f E nglish trav ellers is especially requested to the a d d ress issued by the C om m itte e , placed on the C hurch doors, and in the principal hotels.

27

The Roman Catholic Chapel in B redgade, erected in 1842 at the expense of the E m p ero r of A ustria.

The Synagogue in K ry s ta lg a d e , finished in

1832, is considered a h andsom e building.

Am ong the E cclesiastical b uildings m ay be m entioned the r u in s , o r ra th e r the unfinished stru cture o f , as it is called , the Marble Church, in B redgade. T h is building w as comm enced in the reig n o f F red erik V. T h e dom e w as to h a v e risen 2 6 4 feet above the level o f the g ro u n d ; the w a lls, inside an d o u tsid e, w ere to be of polished N orw egian m a rb le ; an d the w hole w as to h av e been finished on the g ra n d est scale. A fter tw enty y ears a stop w as p u t to fu rth er pro ceed in gs; the g re a t expense b e in g , no d ou b t the valid reason; alth o u g h it w as alleged th a t the superstru ctu re w as, or w ould be, too h eav y for th e foundation. M ost o f the churches hav e b u rial g ro und s a tta c h e d , (w h ich , how ever, ow ing to the san ato ry refo rm s lately in tro d u c ed , a re no lo nger to be u s e d ), an d in addition each p a rish h as its cem etry outside the N o rth -g a te , in the style o f P e re la Chaise a t P aris. T h e M ilitary an d N aval B u rial- gro u n d s a re on the Ø sterbro. U nder a pin e-clad

28

m ound in th e latter rest the rem ains o f those officers (2 C aptains — 8 L ieutenants) w ho fell for th eir coun try in the bloody b attle o f C openhagen, A pril 2d., 1801. A n ivy -co v ered pillar, hew n from a block o f N orw egian m a rb le , facing the E ast, tow ards th e Sound, b ears the follow ing in scrip tio ns : DE FALDT FOR FÆDRENELANDET DEN 2» en APRIL, 1801. (They fell for the land of their fathers, April 2d.f 1801). MEDBORGERES ERKJENDTLIGHED REISTE DEM DETTE MINDE. (The gratitude of their fellow-citizens erected to them this memorial). A nd, below a carv ed w reath on the pedestal : DEN KRANDS SOM FÆDRELANDET GAV — DEN VISNER El PAA FALDEN KRIGERS GRAY. (The wreath their Native-country gave ne’er withers On the fallen warriors’ grave.) T h e nam e o f each o fficer, as w ell as o f th e ship in w hich he se rv e d , a re inscribed on larg e stones placed a t the base o f the m ound.

CHRISTIAÏTSB ÖE.& P A L A C E .

PALACES.

Christiansbory Pa lace, th e residence o f his p re sen t M ajesty w hen in to w n , lies on the Slots- holm , (castle isle), on the sam e spot w h ere stood th e castle, as before related, built by A xel IIvide (Bishop Absolon) in« 1 1 6 8 , called from him Axefhuus , to keep the p irates in aw e. T his C a stle , w hich su b sequently obtained the nam e o f Kiabenhavn S lo t, h a v in g been a t a considerable expense em bellished by C hristian III. and F red erik IV ., w as, on the accession o f C hristian V I ., razed to th e g ro u n d , in o rd er th a t a R oyal residence m ight, on a m ore m agnificent scale, be erected on its site. T his p a la c e , on the n ig h t o f the 27 th . of F eb. 1794, fell a p re y to the flames. T h e p re sen t building w as comm enced in the reign o f C hristian V II., an d finished durin g th a t o f F red erik V I. On the w estern side o f the palace th e larg e exterior co u rt form s a rid in g -g ro u n d , enclosed on b oth sides by reg u lar buildings w ith p ia z z a s, in w hich a re contained the C ourt th eatre,

30

c a rria g e -h o ife e s, s ta b le s , and rid in g -h o u se. T h ese buildings escaped th e fire of 1T94. O ver the p rin cip al en tran ce from the S lo tsp lads is the follow ing in sc rip tio n :

R egiarn hanc C hristianus S extus exstru x it incendio funesto p o st L IV annos v astatam denuo erigi C hristianu s Septim us ju ssit splendidam restitu it et in ter P ublica vo ta dicavit F redericus Sextus M D C C CX X V III.

on each side of w hich are two basreliefs by T h o r­ vald sen : M inerva an d P ro m e th e u s, H ercules an d H e b e ; Ju p ite r an d N em esis, H iscu lap iu s and H y g se a : an d in niches on each side of - the entran ce are fo u r colossal figures o f H e rcu le s, M inerva, vE scu - lapius, and N em esis; the first by T ho rvald sen, the others from his d raw ings by P ro f. B is s e n , an d cast in m etal by D alhoff. JE scu lap iu s arid H ygiea are indebted to th eir a p p earan ce in th e basrclief to an am u sin g circum ­ stance. In th e list of suitable deities sent in to T h o rv ald se n w as Som dhedsgudinde (G oddess o f T r u th ) ; b u t the S c u lp to r, unable to im agine any allegorical figure satisfacto ry to h im self by w hich he could rep resen t the G oddess, chose to read the w ord as Sw ndhedsgudinde (Goddess o f H e a lth ); an d th u s it w as th a t iE scu la p iu s and Hygsea form ed the subject of th e b a srelief! Am ong the m an y su perb apartm en ts, the m ost

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con sp icu ous are the Hiddersal ( Knight’s-hall), 120 feet lo n g , 4 4 feet h ig h , and 50 feet broad, w ith a g allery su p p o rted by C orinthian co lum n s; a n d Kongm s Throngemak (the King’s Throne Room') adorned w ith 4 larg e p ain tin gs by P ro f. E ck e rsb e rg , re p re se n tin g scenes o f D anish history. T h e palace also contains Statsraadsalen (the Council Chamber), and ap artm en ts in w hich b oth cham bers o f the D iet hold th eir sittings. In the u p p e r p a rt o f the building is the R oyal G allery of P aintin gs. It will surely strik e every stran g er th a t th ere m u st have been g re at v an ity in the M o n a rc h , or g re a t w an t o f ju d g m e n t, p e rh ap s a propensity to ila tte r, in the architect, w hich raised a building so disp ropo rtioned to the size, population, w ealth, and pow er of the country. Rosenborg Palace , b u ilt by Christian IV., from a design of, so it is considered, Inigo Jones, in 1604, as a sum m er residence. At th a t tim e it w as situ ated outside the city ; b u t w ithin four years, in consequence o f the N orthern lim its o f the tow n being extended, the palace w as enclosed by the ram p arts. It is b u ilt in the G othic style, sim ilar to the palace of F re d e rik sb o rg , and has a large tow er tow ards the W ., tw o sm aller ones to the E., each w ith a spire, an d a fo urth betw een

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th e tw o la s t, w ith o u t a sp ire , in w hich is th e entrance. Am ong its contents m ay be m entioned the Coin an d M edal C a b in e t; the R e g a lia ; a fine collection o f V enetian g la ss; the fam ous silv e r-g ilt D rin k in g H o rn of O ld en b u rg ; an d the celeb rated set o f h o rse -fu rn itu re , w ith sw ord and p isto ls, p resen ted by C h ristian IV . to his eldest son on his m arriag e in 1 6 6 4 : the saddle and bridle are o f velvet em broidered w ith gold an d pearls, the b u ck les set w ith diam onds, &c. — the w hole w as m ade in P a ris a t a cost of one m illion o f fran c s! T h e R iddersal, in w hich is a m assive silver th ro n e , is covered w ith ta p e stry rep resen tin g th e v a rio u s b attles in w hich C hristian V. w as engaged. T h e o b jects, o f g re a t in terest as illu stra tin g the h isto ry o f D enm ark, are a rra n g e d in se p a ra te room s according to the reigns du rin g w hich th ey have been collected. R osen b o rg is som ew hat sim ila r, th o u g h on a sm aller s c a le , to the G rüne G ew ölbe o f D re sd e n ; and its contents give proofs o f the lux u ry and w ealth w hich in olden tim es reigned in D enm ark. T h is p alace h as alw ays been considered a bijou b y the E n glish traveller. T h e charge is 3 rbd., b u t a p a rty o f 12 p ersons m ay view it fo r th a t sum .

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Charlottenborg Palace, situate on K ongens N y to rv a t the co rner o f N yhavn , w as built in 1672, by C ount U lrik G yldenlnve. A fter the death o f C hristian V. it w as p u rchased as a residence for the Queen D ow ager C harlotte Am alie, and from h er has its p resen t nam e. F red erik V. m ad e a g ra n t o f it for an A cadem y o f A rts, w hich w as founded by him in 1 7 5 4 ; an d in 1 7 88 the gard en o f the palace w as presented to the U n iv ersity for the form ation o f a B otanical G arden. T h e an nual E xhibition of P aintin gs is open from the 1st. o f A pril, for a b o u t six w eeks. The Palaces on the Amalienborg , four in num ber, form , w ith th eir offices, a com plete octagon, united on the south side by a colonnade. T h ey w ere comm enced in 1 7 5 0 , an d finished n early at the sam e tim e at the expense, and for the residence, o f 4 noble fam ilies, M oltke, Scliack, L ew etzau, and Brockdorfl*. A fter the destruction o f C hristiansborg in 1 7 9 4 , th ey becam e the residences o f the K ing and C o u r t, and so continued till the death o f C hristian V III. in 1 8 4 8 . A t present tw o o f the palaces are occupied by the Queen D ow ager C aroline Am alie and the L andg rav e o f H esse. T he third, to the right of the colo nnade, is now assigned as a residence for the Minister o f Foreign Affairs, and for the High Court o f Justice: and the 3

fo u rth , on the left sid e , occupied by the H igh S tew ard o f the court, and the n ecessary offices.

Prindsens Palace3 is situ ate a t the corner o f N y-V esterg ade and F rederik sholm s C a n a l, opposite the M arm o rb ro , at the b ack of C hristiansborg. T h is p alace originally belonged to a rich m erchant, W i- g and t M ychelbecker, b u t w as p u rchased by F red erik I V . , an d served as the residence o f C hristian V . and F red erik V I ., w hen C row n P rin ces. L ater it h a s been occupied by several princes related to th e ro y a l fam ily and allotted as free residence to vario us co u rt favorites. It is now the p ro p e rty o f the State, and affords, for the present, accomm odation for the H ig h C ourt o f Ju d ic a tu re , the Society o f R u ra l E co n om y , the R o yal M useum o f A r t, and several o th er public collections. T hese will be m entioned in th eir place.