kraks vejviser 1939 handelsvejviser

260

PORTS, SHIPPING, NAVIGATION Other Communications. Ports, navigation et autres Communications. — H&ferij Schiffahrt und andere Verkehrsmittek — Puertos, navegacion y otras comunicaciones. The geographical position of Denmark, between the Baltic and the North Sea—both of great importance to international commerce — together with the faet that the country has an unusually long coast line (ahout 130 geographical miles for every 100 square miles), pos- sessing a large number of excellent harbours, is responsible for the faet that the Danes have from olden times been one of the foremost seafaring nations of the world. Only two nations have a larger merchant fleet in proportion to the size of the population viz: Norway and Gt. Britain. The Ports. Of Denmark’s 80 market towns 64 possess harbours, 5 are situated in the vicinity of loading places, and 11 only are inland towns proper. Moreover there are in addition to the market towns over 200 small harbours (fishing etc.), ferry stations and landing piers. The stormy west coast of Jutland, inaccessible for shipping by reason of the many sand reefs, offers most formidable resistance to the construction of harbours, and it was only after a special Act of Parliament was passed on the 24th of April 1864 that the construction of a large harbour at Esbjerg could be commenced. It is from this port that a material part of the Danish export of agricultural produce takes place. The Danish State owns the harbours in Elsinore, Frederikshavn, Esbjerg and Skagen (The Skaw) and also some of the l arger fishing harbours a. o. Hirtshals. Most of the Danish har­ bours in the market towns belong to the respective municipalities. The Port of Copenhagen is an independent institutionen the management of which the State, the Municipality and the large trade organizations are represented. The Copenhagen Free Port is owned by the Copenhagen Har­ bour Board but is managed by a joint stock company. Detailed mention of the principal Danish ports will be found on page 263 and follo- wing pages. • After the extensions carried out during the last ten years the Port of Copenhagen and the Copenhagen Free Port together constitute one of the largest and best harbour in Scan- dinavia and the Baltic. It has a total length of quayage of 36 km. The greatest depth of water is 10 m. which enables the largest vessels to navigate the harbour (See advertisement on page 267). The Free Port was opened in 1894 (the same year as the Kiel Canal) and it is of great importance to Copenhagen as a distributing centre to the Baltic. Also several of the Danish provincial ports have during and after the Great War been extended and deepened considerably, and may now be called at direct by very large vessels. These ports are provided with modern technical facilities of various kinds and there are cranes, silos, elevators, tugs, icebreakers, railway lines down to the quays, tanks, bunkering sta­ tions, drydocks etc. permitting of an expeditious dispatch in loading and discharging, the execution of repairs and the provisioning of ships etc. etc. An excellent pilotage and beaconage service facilitates navigation.