S_KøbenhavnFraBispetidTilBorgertid_1840

T O W N P E A N N I N G B Y li / Y G C H R I S T I A N T H E F O U l i T H

The town planning activities o f Ring Christian the Fourth have proved to be o f such importance to the general developm en t o f the town that it seems natural to d evote a special chapter to them. The first large-scale undertaking o f the king, a thorough reconstruction of the mediæval fortifications that surrounded the city, has been made the sub ject o f a special chapter entitled Fæstningen (The Fortress). On Slotsholmen (the holm on which the castle was situated) and in the other central parts o f the city, his various works include the characte ristic naval base (page 60) and Børsen (the stock exchange, page 62). Rosenborg (cf. page 59) was built at about the same time (cf. page 7b). These and other buildings still stand as grand exam p les o f the building style o f that age. The king was greatly in terested in the navy and the d evelopm en t o f the harbour; fo r the sailors and w orkers attached to the navy he built rows o f small houses, Skipperboderne (pages 65 and 66), and in 1617 the king began the erection o f a fortress town, Christianshavn (Christian’s P o rt), partly by filling in the shallow strip o f water on the far side o f the Southern inlet to the harbour. This w ork is shown in the illustration at the low er picture at page 71, while a great part o f the works from that period are shown on the map at the upper part o f the page. The king’s interest in the d evelopm en t o f the harbour brought about an extensive nortluvard expansion o f the city during the follow ing period . In 1627, steps were taken to fo r tify the entrance to the harbour, where bloclc- houses were first built (poin t A and B, page 75). The Custom House was m oved to point A where the building o f an extensive citadel, Set. Annæ Skanse, was comm enced (illustrations pages 81, 8b, 93, 9b and 95). Abou t 1627 a new city was planned on lands acquired by the king fo r a farm in 1606 (later R os en b o rg ), and protected by a new line o f fo r tifications linking up with Set. Annæ Skanse. The first p ro je c t seems to have envisaged an octagonal plan (cf. page 8b). The first building enterprise on the area — N ybod er — fo r the sailors and workers attached to Holmen (the Royal D ockya rd ) appears to have been erected on the octagonal plan, which was later rep laced by a diagonal system o f streets (a t pages 86 and 88, see also the map at page 9b), which finally developed into a plan where the chess-board principle was adhered fo as far as possible. The fortification plan fo r the new area was lilcewise sub jected to drastic alterations. The redoubt with the three Iiorn-shaped outworks was replaced by a somewhat less extensive series o f bastions, the axis o f which was shifted north, see page 93, where number b shows the redoubt coinciding with the nucleus o f the presen t Kastel (The Citadel). During the year 16b8, in which year the king died, a survey o f the city and its environs was carried out (see page 76 — 80) and a map o f Copen- liagen was produced form ing the basis fo r schemes which led to a town plan and a fortification plan approved by King Frederik the Third in 16b9. The original plan has been lost, but a map made by a spy, and preserved in the Royal A n n y R ecord O ffice in Stockholm (fig. at page 9b) has apparently form ed the basis fo r the map at page 95, which is alleged by Pu fend orff to represent the plan approved in 16b9. Pu fend o r ff’s map is in several respects in accordance with the one shown at page 79.

THE NAVY-BASE AND CHRISTIANSHAVN

DEVELOPMENT OF THE HARBOUR

FORTIFICATION AND TOWN PLAN OF 1625 —27

TOWN PLAN OF 16bi)

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