S_KøbenhavnFraBispetidTilBorgertid_1840

T H E H O L M S f S L O T S H O L M E N A N D H H E M E H H O LMJ

Absalon ’s castle originally stood as an isolated Citadel on the low Slots­ holm (Castle H olm ) the original shoreline o f which (see fig. page 157) has been establislied by modern inve stigations. The castle was entirely destroyed in 1368, and was later rebnilt and, in the course o f time, extend ed to an irregular group o f buildings characterized by the changing building styles o f the d ifferen t centuries, and severa l utility buildings were at various times built there. The holm was extend ed by reclaiming and partly through raising. During the reign o f Christian the Fourth, it reached its present extent. B etw een the castle and the town, as well as behiiul the exchange, several private buildings w ere erected (fig. pages 159, 160 and 161). A fte r the construction o f Christianshavn and Knippelsbro (se details at page 67 f f ) about 1620, the general tra ffic was increasingly routed across the holm, which faet caused the latter to becom e connected with the town by several bridges. Am ong these, how ever, Løngangen (the Secret Passage) was r e ­ served fo r the king, and form ed a part o f the special fo rtif ications o f Slots­ holmen, which were abandoned in the 1660s. At the time o f Christian the Fifth plans fo r a com p lete re-cirrangement o f the buildings o f Slotsholmen were first brought up in connection with a p ro jected but never ex ecu ted plan fo r a castle (see plan at page 162). Frederik the Fourth rebuilt the old castle, and erected new stables. Christian the Sixth built the first Christiansborg (see fig. page 163), re­ placed — after the d ifferen t fires — in 1828 by C. F. H ansens seconcl and about 1918 by Thorvald Jørgensen’s third castle. The privcde buildings be­ tween the castle and the town disappeared already when the first Christians­ borg was built. The buildings behind the exchange gradually acquired an increasingly elegant character, and have to a great exten t been taken over fo r the use o f various Governm ent depcirtments, a developm en t which com - m enced with the erection o f F rederik the Fourth ’s chcincellery building in 1715, and which will presumably be continued. Bremerholm , like the Slotsholm, was a low shore holm (fig. page 165), on which King Hans built the first navy yard o f the Capital. The channel which then separated Bremerholm from the town was partly filled in by private initiative, and disappeared en tirely a fter the siege in 1535-36. On Bremerholm , which was now a part o f the mainland, several buildings in connection with the Royal shipy ard were erected in the 16th ceritury. The old area o f the holm was cut in two by the construction o f Christian the Fourth ’s ramparts in 1606 (see edso fig. page 165). On the ground inside the ramparts Skipperboderne (the Skipper Stalls) were erected (see page 6te f f ) . The part outside the ramparts was reserved fo r the use o f the navy yard, and raised and extend ed to Nyhavn (N ew port) which was excavatecl in 1681. Abou t the same time Mastegrcwen (the Mast Pond ) was constructed ; nothing came o f the projects once more to isolate the holm by connecting Nyhavn with Holmens Kanal. Although cdrecidy at the creation o f Nyholm (N ew Holm ) in 1690 (see page 151) it was planned to m ove all the activities o f the navy yard there, the plan was not carried out. Not even the faet thcit the fire o f 1795 origincded at the holm, and thence spread to the town, had any e ffe c t in this respect, and Gammelholm (Old H olm ), as it was later ncimed, was not released fo r private developm en t until 1858.

SLOTSHOLMEN

THE MEDIÆVAL CASTLE

PRIVATE BUILDINGS

TRAFFIC LINES AND BRIDGES

CHRISTIANSBORG

CHANCELLERY BUILDINGS

BREMERHOLM

ROYAL SHIPYARD

THE SKIPPER STALLS

THE NAVY YARD AT GAMMELHOLM

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