Copenhagen

THE HISTORY OF COPENHAGEN.

founded, and the fortifications were extended southwards, oc­ casioning the incorporation of a new quarter, “F rederiks- holm " or “Kalveboderne". A g reat deal of bu ild ing w ent on in the reign of Christian V, who enlarged the h a rb o u r considerably by new works at Christianshavn and Nyholm en (the New Islet). In the m iddle of the 18th century ano ther part of the tow n, the quarter of Amalienborg, was incorporated, and finally, in 1859, G amm el- holm was given up to building. A few years later, in 1867, the fortifications were demolished, the ram parts were levelled, and the g ro u n d thus gained was m ade over to the town (1870). Not till then did Copenhagen becom e the m odern city; an extremely active bu ild ing period followed, which cannot be said to have come to an end yet. It gives on some idea of the developm ent of the town to know that in 1680 it had but 42.000 inhabitants; in 1790: 100.000; in 1850: abou t 130.000; whereas now it has upw ard s of 413.000. C openhagen suffered g reat disasters in the 18th century. It was bom b a rd ed in 1700 by a fleet of English, Dutch, and Swedish vessels, bu t w ith no serious consequences. The great plague in 1711, which occurred d u ring a w ar with Sweden, was, on the contrary, very disastrous, involving much loss of property and hum an lives (about 23.000); and equally so was the great fire in 1728, which reduced 1670 houses, or two-fifths of the town, to ashes. Nevertheless, the time was in other respects so pro sperous that, simultaneously with the rebu il­ d ing of the town in 1731, the king (Christian VI) could begin

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